The International Court of Justice's landmark ruling establishes a legal obligation for countries to limit greenhouse gas emissions, providing a new tool for climate action and potential damages. Indigenous communities in the Pacific islands, facing twice the global rate of sea level rise, are experiencing cultural collapse due to climate change, threatening their self-determination and ancestral ties. The legal opinion clarifies states' obligations to address the climate crisis, leading to increased climate litigation and highlighting the importance of Indigenous leadership in climate justice. Indigenous communities in Micronesia argue that deep-sea mining violates their human rights and cultural heritage, emphasizing the need to respect ancient worldviews in modern environmental issues.