UNSW researchers have identified a new damp-heat degradation mechanism in TOPCon modules, driven by rear-side recombination and open-circuit voltage loss rather than series-resistance increase. The study emphasizes that magnesium in white EVA encapsulants accelerates degradation, guiding improved encapsulant and backsheet selection for more reliable modules in humid environments. The primary driver of degradation is a reduction in open-circuit voltage, particularly attributed to additives containing magnesium in white EVA. Insights from the research have led to design changes that reduce risks in commercial modules, aiming to refine encapsulant and material selection strategies for TOPCon modules, especially in humid climates. Other studies by UNSW have explored the effects of different encapsulants, soldering flux, and contaminants on TOPCon solar cells, as well as the impact of electron irradiation and UV-induced degradation.